An Indefensible Punishment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

An Indefensible Punishment - Essay Example The previously mentioned article has been essentially founded on for the investigation. Capital punishment: An Indefensible type of Punishment: According to the assessments of various scholars previously, capital punishment could in prior occasions be considered as a noteworthy measure that could keep violations from occurring inside a general public. This is basically on the grounds that people carrying out terrifying violations like homicide, assault, crimes, or some other type of the demonstration that is contrary to the standard of law or equity whenever rebuffed with capital punishment could go about as a terrorizing for others who may have plans to take any such measure. Nonetheless, after some time individuals have understood that the discipline of death is a brutal and pitiless type of punishment and that to live is the privilege of each person (An Indefensible Punishment). It very well may be comprehended that an individual who kills someone else or endeavors comparable viol ations should be rebuffed. The requirement for the discipline can be acknowledged, since, on the off chance that the criminal is permitted to give up, at that point he may rehash his action. Be that as it may, these probably won't make it fundamental for a person to get a discipline of death. A few causes and reasons may be considered in this setting would dismiss capital punishment as a right type of discipline. As a most significant factor, it might be talked about here that frequently the case a judgment is wrongly led against a guiltless individual (An Indefensible Punishment). This is conceivable inferable from a few wrong observers now and again getting incorrectly support. In such circumstances, a blameless individual might be endured and given the punishment of death, which would then be a profoundly off-base measure to have been against the person. Additionally, commonly inclinations possibly in support of specific people may affect the judgment and lead to capital punishme nt without having a legitimate evaluation of the wrongdoing that has occurred in genuine (An Indefensible Punishment). The death penalty can be comprehended to be an extremely unforgiving technique for rewarding a person that likewise mirrors the preposterous sentiment of the world overall. At the point when an individual murders another individual, his movement is considered as a wrongdoing. It would then be able to be understood that when the general public chooses to rebuff the killer by that equivalent measure the general public likewise is perpetrating a similar wrongdoing. In situations where wrongdoings are carried out by little youngsters, there is a need to understand that these little kids can't expect to do likewise; rather a psychological issue or mental issues could constrain the little kids or youngsters to endeavor such cruel violations (Textbook_death_penalty, 232). Hence it very well may be comprehended that the need to comprehend the genuine reason for an individua l endeavoring a wrongdoing is additionally vital, disregarding which an off-base judgment may end the lives of the honest or an evil individual. A few unique types of capital punishment like hanging, deadly infusion and others are presently common that mirror the merciless estimates that society is set up with to give the hoodlums punishment with.

Production Management Principles Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Creation Management Principles - Assignment Example The development procedure is to occur in a school that is likewise close to a country town. The venture will in this manner have both problematic and advantageous impacts on the network. This segment gives the restorative measures and techniques that ought to be set up, where achievable, to limit the measure of the subsequent interruption. For the most part, the organization has set development rehearses that think about the immediate effects of the development procedure and furthermore accommodates measures to limit and if conceivable take out their belongings. The Company will try to give an affirmation to the understudies, occupants and organizations in the close by town that it plans to work connected at the hip with the network, to make the development venture as least troublesome as could reasonably be expected. Coming up next are the immediate effects that the developments of the understudy bar and understudy administration focus may have on the region and the measures which the organization will attempt to guarantee that the interruptions are at any rate. Effects emerging from commotion and vibration Commotion and vibrations will emerge from the utilization of overwhelming hardware during development. The organization will attempt every single accessible measure to guarantee that these effects are limited. For the most part, the organization will utilize the ‘best relevant methods, way to deal with limit discharges of commotion and vibrations. This is where;... he impacts of commotion vibrations: an) Adding sound engrossing materials or suppressors to boisterous types of gear b) Citing uproarious types of gear away from laborers, understudies and inhabitants for example in confined spots. c) Building obstructions for example employ wood with clamor retaining materials around loud hardware. d) Maintenance of old hardware. 2. Effect broadcasting live quality. These impacts will be transitory and will emerge from outflows from diesel controlled development machines just as residue. The measures that the organization will attempt to limit these impacts are: a) Use of watering to control air contamination emerging from the production of residue emerging from making of airborne particles. b) Where conceivable, the organization will utilize power to control hardware rather than diesel. 3. Effect on the water quality Measures will be taken to limit the effect of the development exercises on water bodies. To accomplish this, all residue will be trea ted before being discharged to nature. 4. Effect on traffic During the development time frame, traffic in the zone might be influenced. There may emerge occasions where streets will be occupied or shut just as private gets to, for example, pathways and conduits. The organization will actualize every single proper measure in both the structure and development of the undertaking to ease deferrals and disturbance to clients of these streets all through the venture. Support of traffic will be best accomplished through arranging and booking in order to lessen delays. Where suitable, signs will be utilized to give notice to the voyaging open about any street terminations just as some other appropriate data. Notification about development related exercises that may bother the network and street closings will place ahead of time to empower general society to anticipate elective travel courses

Pfizer Pharmaceuticals Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pfizer Pharmaceuticals - Research Paper Example (MIOTTI, 2009). It pounds a couple generally recognized plans on the head, for instance, the expense of normalization. In abundance of 66% of the associations addressed communicated that normalization helps the time of advantages, exhibiting that it positively affects an associations worth. (MIOTTI, 2009). A substitute generally recognized idea is cleared aside by this investigation: it isn't just the generous associations, arranged to do gathering amazing resources in the normalization procedure, which think about willful guidelines important for their activities; (MIOTTI, 2009) humbler structures, for instance, SMEs with 250 agents or less in like manner found them accommodating. In like manner, 69.3% of associations think about normalization to positively affect their activity. Given the present condition of the budgetary markets, this examination gives a lucky appearing to sponsorship French associations getting increasingly remembered for deliberate measures work. (MIOTTI, 2009). Improved working edges and †¢ Strong cash stream development fuelling extended cash returns to investors through extended benefit pay-out extents and offer repurchase ventures. (Stirling, 2011) Pharmaceutical associations are obligated to extensive guideline by national, state and neighborhood workplaces in the countries in which they cooperate. Of explicit imperativeness is the FDA in the U.s. (Cvetkovs, 2011) It has domain over our human pharmaceutical business and administers requirements covering the testing, security, ampleness, gathering, naming, exhibiting, advancing and post-promoting perception of our pharmaceutical things. The FDA also coordinates our animal prosperity things, nearby the U.S. Division of Agriculture and the U.S. Natural Protection Agency. (Cvetkovs, 2011)Whats increasingly, enormous parts of our activities are at risk to the ward of various

Grants proposal Essay - 275 Words

Grants proposal (Essay Sample) Content: Grant ProposalNameInstitutionGrant proposalIn writing a grant proposal for a probably a non-profit organization, a list of factors falls in the category of direct costs for which the financiers are expected to pay for. Personnel are one of the main sources of expenses for many organizations but the expenditure is not limited to that. Other expenses that the financiers need to see are: fringe benefits: these are expenses apart from personnel that the employer or the organization must pay in order to survive in a particular environment. For example, regardless of whether the organization is humanitarian or not, taxes and other levies must be paid either directly or indirectly.Travel; in most organizations, traveling is important to meet the objectives of the program and therefore it can be included in the OTPS expenses. The cost of purchasing important equipment is also another source of expense which would better be communicated to the financier.Working with Internatio nal Organization for migration (IOM), most of these expenses are directly involved. Travel for moving refugees from camps and host countries, equipment such as generators to provide power for the people as well as personnel and payment of taxes in the host countries both for the personnel and for refugees. Sustainability for the organization is very important information for the financiers of it. One way of ensuring that an organization is sustainable is establishing business sources or engaging in money generating endeavors. This obviously excludes non-profit...

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1519 Words

The symbolic imagery, such as goods and color, is often used by authors to suggest and help readers to understand the invisible parts of the characters, which are their personalities and so on, through the specific goods they own, or the story, which help to develop the whole plot. In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald uses a lot of symbols in this book. Among all those symbols in it, the symbol of the green light is the strongest, due to the changes of meaning in the book and leading the plot. However, each symbolic imagery is not unique, they interact with each other. This essay will argue that, with the help of other symbols, the symbol of green light becomes the crucial symbol for us to understand The Great Gatsby. Besides, this essay will†¦show more content†¦As a representative of those who have already achieved it, the green light is not only associated with Gatsby, but also the entire society. I will discuss this in the appearance of the green light. The first appearance of the green light is at the end of Chapter 1. When Nick came back from Tom’s house, he saw Gatsby â€Å"stretched out his arm toward the dark†, and there was â€Å"nothing except a single green light†.(p.25) And after this encounter, we know the green light is from Tom’s house, where Daisy lives. As the result of this, the green light for Gatsby must be related to Daisy in somehow, but not just Daisy herself. For Gatsby, the green light means the desire of becoming one of the upper classes, and it is Daisy who gives him the strength to work on it after meeting her. The green is more like a destination for Gatsby to endeavor, which is the same as the American Dream for the whole America. It gives those who are working class the meaning of living. Although the desire of becoming one of the upper classes arises from the shame of being part of the working class and starts when Gatsby is very young, he has his own timetable, from which we can see the ambition in Gatsby.(p. 164) Daisy just reinforces the desire in Gatsby’s mind and accelerate the process of Gatsby pursuing his personal desire. Besides, due to the identity of Daisy, which is that â€Å"many men had already loved Daisy† during the first encounter of Gatsby and Daisy, Daisy has already become a The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1519 Words Life is not always what it seems, but is constantly fooled by metaphorical masks people wear. The appearance of many of the characters in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby differs greatly from their actual selves. The use of illusion in the novel is used effectively to portray the nature of people in the 1920 s, and the â€Å"artificial† life that is lived in this modern age. There are many incidences in which the appearance of characters is far different than what lurks inside them. Several of these incidences are shown in the appearances of Gatsby himself, Daisy Buchanan, and Gatsby’s true love for Daisy. Gatsby goes through a dramatic transformation from his old self to his new self, even changing his name and buying a faux mansion in†¦show more content†¦He was so embarrassed about having to become a janitor in order to pay school tuition, he decided to drop out of St. Olaf College in Minnesota after only a couple weeks. Another illusion Gatsby deliberately makes people believe is his rise to wealth. In order to mask his poor upbringing, Gatsby says to the story s narrator, Nick Carroway, â€Å"I’ll tell you God’s truth†¦I am the son of some wealth people in the middle-west†(65). It is also stated by Myrtle Wilson’s sister Catherine that, â€Å"Well they say he’s a nephew or a cousin of Kaiser Wilhelm’s†(32). However, that is not true and it is later discovered that, â€Å"he and this Wolfshiem bought up a lot of side street drug stores here and in Chicago and sold grain alcohol over the counter†(133). As a result, the truth of his family background is an example of the false reality Jay portrays. Gatsby’s educational background is another example of of illusion that he tries to create. A strong education is a must-have for Gatsby, as it is what categorizes the lower class from the upper class. Originally, Gatsby tells Nick that he was educated at Oxford. However, it is learned that he exaggerated the truth when he leaks to Tom that he actually only stayed five months there and â€Å"that’s why [he] can’t really call [himself] an Oxford man†(129). Therefore, Gatsby forms an illusion regarding his education in order to sound scholarly and to be accepted among the elite. After Gatsby erases his past in order to start aShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1393 Words   |  6 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald was the model of the American image in the nineteen twenties. He had wealth, fame, a beautiful wife, and an adorable daughter; all seemed perfect. Beneath the gilded faà §ade, however, was an author who struggled with domestic and physical difficulties that plagued his personal life and career throughout its short span. This author helped to launch the theme that is so prevalent in his work; the human instinct to yearn for more, into the forefront of American literature, where itRead MoreThe Great Ga tsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1343 Words   |  6 PagesHonors English 10 Shugart 18 Decemeber 2014 The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald s 1925 novel The Great Gatsby is a tragic love story, a mystery, and a social commentary on American life. The Great Gatsby is about the lives of four wealthy characters observed by the narrator, Nick Carroway. Throughout the novel a mysterious man named Jay Gatsby throws immaculate parties every Saturday night in hope to impress his lost lover, Daisy Buchanan. Gatsby lives in a mansion on West Egg across from DaisyRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby The Jazz Age was an era where everything and anything seemed possible. It started with the beginning of a new age with America coming out of World War I as the most powerful nation in the world (Novel reflections on, 2007). As a result, the nation soon faced a culture-shock of material prosperity during the 1920’s. Also known as the â€Å"roaring twenties†, it was a time where life consisted of prodigality and extravagant parties. Writing based on his personal experiences, author F. ScottRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1166 Words   |  5 Pagesin the Haze F. Scott Fitzgerald lived in a time that was characterized by an unbelievable lack of substance. After the tragedy and horrors of WWI, people were focused on anything that they could that would distract from the emptiness that had swallowed them. Tangible greed tied with extreme materialism left many, by the end of this time period, disenchanted. The usage of the literary theories of both Biographical and Historical lenses provide a unique interpretation of the Great Gatsby centered aroundRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald845 Words   |  3 PagesIn F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, colors represent a variety of symbols that relate back to the American Dream. The dream of being pure, innocent and perfect is frequently associated with the reality of corruption, violence, and affairs. Gatsby’s desire for achieving the American Dream is sought for through corruption (Schneider). The American Dream in the 1920s was perceived as a desire of w ealth and social standings. Social class is represented through the East Egg, the WestRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesrespecting and valuing Fitzgerald work in the twenty-first century? Fitzgerald had a hard time to profiting from his writing, but he was not successful after his first novel. There are three major point of this essay are: the background history of Fitzgerald life, the comparisons between Fitzgerald and the Gatsby from his number one book in America The Great Gatsby, and the Fitzgerald got influences of behind the writing and being a writer. From childhood to adulthood, Fitzgerald faced many good andRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald2099 Words   |  9 Pagesauthor to mirror his life in his book. In his previous novels F. Scott Fitzgerald drew from his life experiences. He said that his next novel, The Great Gatsby, would be different. He said, â€Å"In my new novel I’m thrown directly on purely creative work† (F. Scott Fitzgerald). He did not realize or did not want it to appear that he was taking his own story and intertwining it within his new novel. In The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, he imitates his lifestyle through the Buchanan family to demonstrateRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1607 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Gatsby is an American novel written in 1925 by F. Scott Fitzgerald. One of the themes of the book is the American Dream. The American Dream is an idea in which Americans believe through hard work they can achieve success and prosperity in the free world. In F. Scott Fitzgerald s novel, The Great Gatsby, the American Dream leads to popularity, extreme jealousy and false happiness. Jay Gatsby’s recent fortune and wealthiness helped him earn a high social position and become one of the mostRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1592 Words   |  7 PagesMcGowan English 11A, Period 4 9 January 2014 The Great Gatsby Individuals who approach life with an optimistic mindset generally have their goals established as their main priority. Driven by ambition, they are determined to fulfill their desires; without reluctance. These strong-minded individuals refuse to be influenced by negative reinforcements, and rely on hope in order to achieve their dreams. As a man of persistence, the wealthy Jay Gatsby continuously strives to reclaim the love of hisRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1646 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920s witnessed the death of the American Dream, a message immortalized in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Initially, the American Dream represented the outcome of American ideals, that everyone has the freedom and opportunity to achieve their dreams provided they perform honest hard work. During the 1920s, the United States experienced massive economic prosperity making the American Dream seem alive and strong. However, in Fitzgerald’s eyes, the new Am erican culture build around that

Themes in Raymond Carvers Literature Essay - 743 Words

Themes in Raymond Carvers Literature In Short Cuts, by Raymond Carver, characters experience trials and problems in their lives, whether extreme such as in A Small, Good Thing and Lemonade or nominal such as in Vitamins. They all seem to depict these struggles as uphill battles which the characters cannot and mostly do not overcome. The characters throughout Carvers Short Cuts struggle through their lives in private desperation, often to ultimately realize that they are bound to the truth of who they really are, which is shown in the story Neighbors. In Neighbors, Bill and Arlene Miller are a couple with menial jobs who give credence to the saying the grass is greener on the other side of the fence. They are†¦show more content†¦ Well, I wish it was us (14), Jim says as he waves goodbye to his neighbors on their way to another vacation. The Miller are asked to house sit for their neighbors. The each go into the apartment separately, trying to uncover some aspect of the Stones lives, keeping it a secret from the other what they are doing. It is ultimately realized at the end that they are both doing more than feeding the cat when they go into the apartment. The Millers searching through their neighbors apartment is symbolic of their search for meaning in their own lives. Because they are not satisfied with the way they live, they project the Stones life onto their own, to the extent of pretending to live in their apartment, if only for one moment. Bills fantasy of being like the Stones may be shown by his actions of taking a bottle of Harriets pills (14), and drinking and eating their food, with no qualms of invade his neighbors privacy (16). On page 15, Bill had the feeling that he left something as he was closing the door to the Stones apartment. It is likely that he felt he was leaving behind the false persona of who and how he wanted to live like. After more frequent trips into the Stones apartment, Bill begins to wear their clothing, which is also symbolic of trying to put onShow MoreRelatedThe Lives and Works of Raymond Carver1692 Words   |  7 Pagesstyle of writing, Raymond Carver has left a lasting and outstanding impact on the history of short stories. Even though Raymond Carver left a long impact, his life was of the opposite. Like Raymond Carver’s famous award winning stories, his life was short. Raymond Carver was born on May 25th, 1938 in Clatskanie, Oregon, a mill town on the Columbia River. Carver grew up in Yakima, Washington. Carver had three members to his small family, his mother, his father, and brother. Carver’s only had one siblingRead MoreAlcohol and Marijuana in Catherdral by Raymond Carver Essay963 Words   |  4 Pagesimposed laws: people feel the need to consume these substances and encage in behaviors out of the ordinary. Drugs and alcohol are used in the story â€Å"Cathedral† but also they are used in Raymond Carver’s personal life. Carver began drinking heavily in 1967 and was repeatedly hospitalized for alcoholism in the 1970’s. Carver’s minimum wage jobs, the demand of parenting and the need to bring money home led to his addiction to alcohol. Alcohol became a problem because carver was saddled with an old car, aRead MoreRaymond Carver’s â€Å"Cathedral† vs. Tess Gallagher’s â€Å"Rain Flooding Your Campfire†1575 Words   |  7 PagesRaymond Carver’s â€Å"Cathedral† and Tess Gallagher’s â€Å"Rain Flooding your Campfire† are good examples of intertextual dialogue between two writers. These two stories show us how two writers can grow and develop short stories differently from the same experience. There are similarities between the stories, such as the use of a first person narrator, the plot, setting, and also there is an interchange between the narrator and the blind man in both stories. But within these similarities there are alsoRea d MoreTheme, Theme And Epiphary In Raymond Carvers Cathedral1051 Words   |  5 PagesSeptember 20th, 2017 The answers you get from literature depend on the answers you pose. -Margaret Atwood There are many components to literature. Three major components in any work of literature are plot, theme, an epiphany. In the short story â€Å"Cathedral† by Raymond Carver plot, theme, and epiphany are exhibited in a myriad of ways. With the use of these literary concepts, this paper will analyze Raymond Carver’s â€Å"Cathedral† Plot refers to the sequence of eventsRead MoreMinimalism by Raymond Carver Essay3013 Words   |  13 PagesLiterary Criticism Minimalism by Raymond Carver English 210 P. Fishman Research Paper Literary Criticism on Minimalism by Raymond Carver Raymond Carver was a master of the short story during the mid nineteenth century due to his unique minimalistic style. Carver has his own artistic signature when it comes to writing, he tells his stories usingRead MoreThe Use of Selective Exposition in The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson1315 Words   |  6 PagesLottery by Shirley Jackson however does not follow these conditions, as the reader is left to interpret a majority of the story on their own as it progresses. Jackson is not the only writer to incorporate a style of selective exposition in their work; Raymond Carver is widely recognized for his rejection of explanation and the use of characters that do not always communicate with one another, both of which are elements which Jackson incorporates into her own story. Initially, a lack of exposition may seemRead MorePopular Mechanics by Raymond Carver828 Words   |  4 PagesIn Popular Mechanics the author, Raymond Carver, uses painstaking details, numerous symbols, and an unusual title to convey the universal theme that not all relationships end happily. Carver uses all these things to his advantage. He brings out the theme of this depressing, but truthful story. Many couples these days experience the same thing that this one in particular went through. Early that day the weather turned and the snow was melting into dirty water. Carver starts off the story in thisRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Raymond Carver s Cathedral 1426 Words   |  6 PagesCharacter Analysis in Raymond Carver’s â€Å"Cathedral†: The Narrator Literature has the potential to act as a mirror by presenting people’s lived experiences, expectations, and perceptions through characters. Such is what can be deciphered through the analysis of different characters in Raymond Carver’s story â€Å"Cathedral.† This paper focuses on the narrator of the story portrayed by the author as blind, which is used metaphorically not to imply physical blindness, but the inability to have reasonedRead MoreImportance of Symbolism in What We Talk About When We Talk About Love1027 Words   |  5 PagesTalk About Love is a short story about four friends trying to find the true meaning of love, trying to prove points through experience. In What We Talk About When We Talk About Love, Raymond Carver uses very strong symbolism to help convey the theme of the story. Instantly, it is easy to recognize that Carvers story will be one on love, since the title clearly mentions it. He introduces the characters, two married couples, who are having a discussion about love over some gin and tonic. ThroughoutRead More Disjunction versus Communion in Raymond Carvers Short Stories3821 Words   |  16 Pages Disjunction versus Communion in Raymond Carvers Short Stories Raymond Carver, poet, essayist, and short story writer, was very different from some other writers in that he clipped his writing until only the essential remained. Carver not only acknowledged the effect that fiction could have on readers, he proclaimed that it should affect readers.( Bonetti 58) Thus, when Carver writes about intimate relationships, the reader perceives the stories as more than entertainment or skillful

Past imperfect Essay Example For Students

Past imperfect Essay The 1960s are not dead, at least not for some holdouts in Maubeuge, a small town two hours out of Paris. There on a cold weekend last April, numerous international theatre folk celebrated the momentous decade by eating a sumptuous five-hour meal while reminiscing about the past. The feast was sponsored by the Maubeuge International Festival, run by a 33-year-old French entrepreneur named Didier Fusillier. So devoted to new and experimental performance is Fusillier that he invited the leading American movers and shakers of the theatre of the 1960s (as well as a couple of hundred others) to dine with him over a weekend. Among the guests were La Mama herself, Ellen Stewart; Judith Malina and husband Hanon Resnikov, representing the new Living Theater; Joseph Chaikin and Jean-Claude van Itallie of the Open Theater; and the ever-acerbic writer and designer Richard Foreman. French theatre scholar Philippa Wehle, who had a hand in organizing the event, was the only other American besides my self there to observe, to wonder and to criticize. Apparently Fusillier had enough money to lure to Maubeuge not only these Americans but the French and foreign press, festival producers and European theatre managers as well. How was this possible when just that week France had lost its main arts support on the assumption that too much money was spent for too little and that Socialists had their hands in the till? According to Fusillier, the towns officials paid for the whole event themselves, and not the State. Besides, everything was planned before the national election. So the feast began on Saturday afternoon with hors doeuvres of caviar, pate, smoked salmon, wine and champagne. In a banquet hall with long tables set for more than 200, our host and others asked us to react (between courses) to the glorious 60s, their meaning and influence, their benefits and blunders. One speaker noted that the avant-garde got its start in France and influenced the French theatre; another spoke with sorrow of the passing of the socialists and their ousted minister of culture Jack Lang, who gave the avant-garde its first chance during the heyday of the Nancy Festivals of the 50s and 60s. Those were the days, the speakers continued, days of a new Renaissance, an era that could no longer be approximatedor could it? The first to venture an answer to the open-ended question was Judith Malina. Older, but feisty and radical as ever, Malina remembered revolutionary times as fun. But because of the legend of the Living Theatre, we are having our difficulties today, she said. We have to stop mythologizing the past; it is a detriment to the future. We must change things and live in the stream of history. However, none of the reasons for the revolution have disappeared; there is still war, hunger and the homeless. It is not popular to discuss anything political now except aesthetics, she went on. But in the 60s we knew what we wanted to say. Now they have beautiful forms, but what have they to say? Is anyone making plays about Somalia, or about the homeless? What can be done today in theatre that relates to our lives? Characteristically mischievous, Jean-Claude van Itallie evaded that question with a song in French: None of This Is Worth the Full Moon over Maubeuge, he warbled. Then in a sober, modulated tone, he credited as a welcome point of view the 60s reaction against rigid ideas and worn-out conventions. But he maintained, in contrast to Malina, that theatre could not be political unless it was first personal: We have to ask why we are creating theatre. .ue3bce2d5124bca522d22516ff2cafd11 , .ue3bce2d5124bca522d22516ff2cafd11 .postImageUrl , .ue3bce2d5124bca522d22516ff2cafd11 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue3bce2d5124bca522d22516ff2cafd11 , .ue3bce2d5124bca522d22516ff2cafd11:hover , .ue3bce2d5124bca522d22516ff2cafd11:visited , .ue3bce2d5124bca522d22516ff2cafd11:active { border:0!important; } .ue3bce2d5124bca522d22516ff2cafd11 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue3bce2d5124bca522d22516ff2cafd11 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue3bce2d5124bca522d22516ff2cafd11:active , .ue3bce2d5124bca522d22516ff2cafd11:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue3bce2d5124bca522d22516ff2cafd11 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue3bce2d5124bca522d22516ff2cafd11 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue3bce2d5124bca522d22516ff2cafd11 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue3bce2d5124bca522d22516ff2cafd11 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue3bce2d5124bca522d22516ff2cafd11:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue3bce2d5124bca522d22516ff2cafd11 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue3bce2d5124bca522d22516ff2cafd11 .ue3bce2d5124bca522d22516ff2cafd11-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue3bce2d5124bca522d22516ff2cafd11:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Wintergreen for precedent EssayEllen Stewart had no doubts about why she did so: not to put forth any political ideasnever, never, she saidbut to bring people together. I have never known anything about politics. I am only interested in the human being, and my greatest pleasure is seeing the human being doing something he wants to do. La Mama is dedicated to all aspects of creating beauty with our fellow man. The introspective Richard Foreman was brief He claimed that since he is not comfortable in the world he has chosen to do private, idiosyncratic theatre, even though his work may be too difficult for the average audience to understand. Later he told me that he disliked much of the theatre of the 60s and had been invited to Maubeuge for purposes he didnt understand. Perhaps it was because Fusillier recently commissioned him to direct an opera for the Maubeuge Festival. The speeches went on all afternoon and so did the food. By 5:30, most people were still eating but few were listening to the speakers any more. After all, we were in France, where eating takes precedence over everything. Fusillier, a low-key, affable man with a doctorate in philosophy who runs the Maubeuge complex of five theatres and produces 120 shows a year on a budget of about $3 million, was happy with the outcome of the weekend. He has recently added the directorship of a theatre not far from Paris to his roster of undertakings, and just returned from a whirlwind tour of New York and other cities in search of adventurous work to import. What he could not do, even with the resources at his disposal, was to recreate the genuine flavor of the 60s. Still, most agreed that the era did have a profound effect on theatre. And, whether one looks at the past as mythology or with nostalgic longing, it was remarkable that theatrical history was recognized and celebrated in a little town in France with such unusual hospitality.